State Historical Society of Iowa

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Title:
  • Chief Black Hawk
Description:
  • Black Hawk, 1767-1838, by Charles A. Cumming. Born on the Rock River, 1767. A tribal leader of the Sac and Fox (Sauk) Indians. As part of the British allies in the War of 1812, he defeated Major Zachary Taylor of the U.S. near the mouth of the Rock river in May 1814. Following the defeat of the British, Black Hawk and others refused to sign an agreement ceding Sauk land in the Mississippi Valley. The Sauk and Meskwaki were forced west of the Mississippi but Black Hawk remained committed to the Sauk homeland near the Rock River. He and a small group stayed there until they were foced across the Mississippi in June 1831.

    His wish for the Sauk to remain near the Rock River led to a return in April 1832. Disputes with settler colonizers and politicians led to the conflict known as the Black Hawk War that lasted into August 1832. Many innocent Sauk including women, children and elders were massacred at the Missisippi River where the Bad Axe River joined it.
    Black Hawk and surving leaders were imprisoned at Jefferson Barracks near St. Louis. The group was then taken to Fortress Monroe in Virginia in the Chesapeake Bay. The group was taken on a forced tour of eastern cities, then allowed to what would be the Iowa Territory in August 1833. He died in Iowaville, near Des Moines River, October 3, 1838.

    Portrait of a man, subject facing slightly right, dressed in red and white, wears a red roach on his head. Wide black frame with gold detail and nameplate.
Accession Number:
  • 138 Portrait Catalog
Location:
  • Des Moines
Discipline:
  • Art
Object Name(s):
  • portraits,
Date(s):
  • 1767/ 1838
Maker(s):
  • Cumming, Charles Atherton, 1858-1932, Artist
Search Term(s):
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State Historical Society of Iowa

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